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課程名稱 |
流體力學
Fluid Mechanics |
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開課學期 |
100-2 |
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授課對象 |
理學院 大氣科學系 |
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授課教師 |
林 和 |
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課號 |
AtmSci2001 |
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課程識別碼 |
209 20100 |
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班次 |
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學分 |
3 |
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全/半年 |
半年 |
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必/選修 |
必修 |
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上課時間 |
星期一5,6,7(12:20~15:10) |
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上課地點 |
大氣B105 |
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備註 |
外系若該系流力為必修課程者不可修.
限理學院學生(含輔系、雙修生)
總人數上限：70人 |
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Ceiba 課程網頁 |
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1002fluid |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
Chapter 1 Basic Equations-conservation of momentum, mass
Tradition and the deities of Fluid Mechanics
Why can't we dig a cave in water?
The core idea of pressure (PGF)
Newton's Law, The Equation of motion (in partial differential form)
Pressure, pressure gradient force
Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates
Conservation of mass (divergence, flux form), continuity equation
Hydrostatic balance, buoyancy, stratified flow
Chapter 2 Basic Equation-Thermodynamics
Equation of State
What is heat, work and internal energy?
Heat capacity
The 0, 1, 2 Laws of Thermodynamics
Entropy and potential temperature
Cheater 3 Simplified systems
Incompressible flows
Boussinesq approximation,
Shallow water equation
Navier-Stokes Equation
Chapter 4 Wave dynamics
Linear system, operator, eigen problem, orthogonal base, linearization
Concept of dispersive relationship (Fourier transformation)
Gravity wave, internal gravity waves, adjustment in stratified flow
Kelvin wave
Group velocity
Chapter 5 Vorticity
Vortex line, vortex tube, circulation
Vorticity equation,
Barotropic and baroclinic flow, Jacobian, solenoidal term, twisting and stretching term
Potential Vorticity, Ertel’s PV
Chapter 6 Turbulence and boundary
Scale, statistical approach
Filter, Kernal, Convolution
Reynolds decomposition
Stress, eddy viscosity
Similarity, Reynolds number
Chaos
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課程目標 |
This is an introductory course of fluid dynamics intended for second or third year students in the College of Science. The goal is to help students acquire a solid understanding of the basic concepts of fluid dynamics that will be needed for advanced courses in atmospheric science, physical oceanography, and theoretical physics. This course is not keen toward engineering application that boundary dynamics and tensor viscosity are given little attention hence could not be regarded as an alternative for such purpose.
Emphasis is on the basic conservation laws, the mass-momentum adjustment, wave and vorticity dynamics, with a sip of turbulences.
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課程要求 |
This course presumes an exposure to classical mechanics and partial differential equations and vector calculus, some grasp of thermodynamics. Students who feel that they may be significantly over- or under-prepared should contact the instructor in the first few weeks. |
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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Office Hours |
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指定閱讀 |
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參考書目 |
I have been searching a suitable treaty for many years but in vain. The reasons
are many, for one, the force associated with gravity has been fallen out of
favor from mainstream physics. A course of fluid mechanics becomes more tilted
toward engineering. Another reason is the formalistic approach championed by the
modern Algebra school put too much emphasis on abstract derivation, thus
alienates learners’ instinct and enthusiasm.
In contrary our subject in this course is rich in developing physical insight
based on empirical experiences. It seems, most standard treaties, are written to
cause great confusion with unnecessary mathematicalization. Students are soon
lost appetite for further learning. To avoid this downfall, efforts of previous
classes have produced an edition of readable class notes for your reference. I
try to update the content every year.
Upon the recent proliferation of free materials in web I strongly urge you to
search sites like MIT’s free course program that a bountiful of excellent class
notes and visual aides are available. I am trying to compile a list and you are
welcome to join my effort of mining information from net.
Some texts for weak heart:
Kundu, P. K., and I. M. Cohen.2004 Fluid Mechanics. 3rd ed. New York: Elsevier
Academic Press. (A thorough and generally accurate treatment of fluid mechanics,
with many examples from geophysical flows. This is perhaps the best single text
for an introductory class, though I don't feel comfortable to dive into tensor
too early.) $$$
Secondary References. There are dozens of useful texts on fluid dynamics. A few
of those most likely to be of use and that are available from the instructor are
listed below.
Thermodynamics
Finn, B. J. 1981 熱力寶典Engines, Energy and Entropy. 天下文化 may be your best
buy.
You should already have many excellent atmospheric thermodynamics textbooks, be
sure you review it under different light.
General Fluid Dynamics
Acheson, D. J., 1990. Elementary Fluid Dynamics. Oxford Univ. Press. (Concise
and elegant treatment of mainly engineering problems, or it could have been our
primary text. Not so elementary, really.)
Faber, T. E., Fluid Dynamics for Physicists. Cambridge Univ. Press. (Much like
Tritton; elegant and insightful, but not many geophysical examples.)
Lin, C. C. and L. A. Segel, 1974. Mathematics Applied to Deterministic Problems
in the Natural Sciences. MacMillan Publishing, New York. (Part C is devoted to
the theory of continuous media, and is a concise, precise, mathematical
treatment of continuum mechanics, a bit more formal than we want here, but
superb as a second, advanced source. Chapters on scale analysis and
simplification procedures are the best I know of.) $$$
Tritton, D. J., 1988. Physical Fluid Dynamics. Oxford Univ. Press. (A potpourri
of fluid phenomenon. Explanations of many specific phenomenons (for example of
the stress tensor or of incompressibility) are very clear and well illustrated.
The organization is not suitable for an introductory text, but this is a very
valuable supplement.) $$$
White, F. M., 1994. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York. (Quite
engineering yet the mainstream type).
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Cushman-Roisin, B., 1994. Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Prentice
Hall Inc., Englewood, NJ. (A first rate introduction. Recommended for purchase,
though it is a little pricey on last listing, $80.)
Gill, A. E., 1982. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, New York. (A
scholarly, well balanced and extensive introduction to ocean and atmosphere
dynamics. Example problems are motivated by observations, and carried through to
interesting results. Many tables of useful data. Perhaps not the best
introductory textbook, but highly recommended as a supplement to Kundu). $$$
Holton, J.R., 1992, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology, 3rd Edition,
Academic Press. ( For Atmospheric or Oceanographic students this is a book you
will buy in next year anyway, why not buy it now? This book, originated from
class notes in MIT Charney's course, is considered a classic. It contains many
atmospheric phenomena and beautifully descriptions of basics). $$$
Pedlosky, J., 1987. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Ed., Springer Verlag, New
York. (The vintage classic, you'll see this in more advanced courses on GFD).
$$$
Miscellaneous Fluid Dynamics
Aris, R., 1962. Vectors, Tensors and the Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics.,
Dover Pub., New York. (Some of the opening chapters are very clear and precise
treatments of vector calculus, etc. Good additional reference.)
Tokaty, G. A., 1971. A History and Philosophy of Fluid Mechanics. Dover Pub.,
New York. (Knowing the history can sometimes help you keep things organized. But
this is not the place to begin learning fluid mechanics. It was written by a
Russian aeronautic scientist, undoubtedly his view appears highly skewed.)
Math
Any book by Gilbert Strang will be a symbol of math reform for future, most
notably, Introduction to Applied Mathematics by Wellesley-Cambridge. If you look
for a bible of college math, this is your answer. Strang has mixed geometric
intuition, numerical algorithm, and sheer genius insight that, as I see it,
meets no match in modern textbooks.
The Strang lectures can be found in MIT open course program web site (which
contains a generous free copy of Strang’s Calculus online, among other things).
Also, my friend 李國偉 has translated Strang’s Linear Algebra published by 天下遠
見.
Schey, H.R. 1973, Div, Grad, Curl and All, Norton., New York. A quick look at
the basic Geometric Calculus. Very intuitive and never dull. It has an OK
Chinese translation by your teacher i.e., me (and my students.)
Websites
The are 1030 entries by last count in MIT’s OCW once you type in fluid
mechanics, some are excellent. The only drawback is that you must have some
basic level of English comprehension.
There are several free books for you to download in this site, almost all are
very useful;
http://www.freebookcentre.net/Physics/Fluid-Mechanics-Books.html
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評量方式
(僅供參考) |
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No. |
項目 |
百分比 |
說明 |
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1. |
期中考 |
40% |
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2. |
期末考 |
40% |
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3. |
作業以及出席率 |
20% |
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